This book analyzes the profound political, social, and cultural transformations in China over the four decades following the establishment of the People's Republic in 1949. John Gittings examines the evolving landscape of Chinese socialism, the impact of events like the Cultural Revolution, and the shifts towards capitalism and foreign trade. The work also details the failures of experiments such as the commune system and the conservative reactions to reformist policies.

The book is presented as an analysis for the general reader or student interested in China, covering a critical period of the nation's modern history. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the political, social, and cultural shifts from 1949 to 1989. The inclusion of visual elements like political posters suggests an effort to contextualize the historical narrative. The scope indicates a detailed examination of both ideological changes and the practical outcomes of various policies.