Does the scientific theory of evolution function as a surrogate religion by providing a framework for meaning and moral guidance? Mary Midgley, a philosopher known for her work on human nature and science, investigates the ideological baggage often attached to evolutionary theory. She argues that when scientific concepts are treated as absolute dogmas, they distort both the scientific process and the human understanding of purpose, ultimately creating a secular mythology that lacks the rigor of genuine inquiry.

Scholars and critics frequently cite this work as a significant contribution to the philosophy of science, noting its clarity in identifying the ideological misuse of biological concepts. Experts often highlight the text as a necessary read for those interested in the boundaries between empirical science and metaphysical belief.