This book investigates how to establish and maintain thriving planted aquariums using natural ecological processes. The author, Diana L. Walstad, draws upon her expertise to guide aquarists in creating low-maintenance, cost-effective tanks where plants flourish through natural decomposition and organic matter. The core argument is that vigorous plant growth can effectively purify aquarium water, thereby protecting fish inhabitants. Walstad simplifies complex scientific concepts, making them accessible to the home aquarist, and supports her explanations with extensive citations to primary scientific literature.

The book is regarded as a definitive reference for planted freshwater aquaria, praised for its scientific rigor and practical application. Readers and experts alike highlight its ability to demystify complex ecological principles for the home aquarist, enabling the creation of sustainable, low-maintenance tanks. The extensive citation of primary scientific literature underscores its value as a scholarly resource for those seeking to understand the underlying science of planted aquariums. It is considered an essential guide for anyone interested in achieving vigorous plant growth and water quality through natural means.