This work investigates the political, social, and religious transformation of Judea during the centuries of Greek and Roman hegemony. David A. deSilva, a scholar of New Testament and early Christian history, utilizes historical records and archaeological evidence to map the transition from Hellenistic influence to Roman imperial control. The text argues that these external pressures fundamentally reshaped Jewish identity, governance, and theological development leading into the rabbinic era.

Scholars and students of history frequently cite this work as a comprehensive and accessible synthesis of the complex political landscape of ancient Judea. It is widely regarded as a foundational text for those seeking to understand the historical context surrounding the development of early Judaism and the Roman administration of the Levant.