An historic analysis of forest regeneration in the ESSFa subzone in the Cranbrook and Invermere Forest Districts was carried out to determine the reasons for the excessive amount of NSR (not satisfactorily restocked) land, and to identify ecological and silvicultural problems affecting regeneration success. Information was gathered primarily from on-site inspections of 65 sampling sites on 46 openings. They had been created either by logging or wildfire between 1970 and 1979. At each sampling site, information was collected on all relevant site factors, as well as on competing vegetation and natural regeneration. Regeneration performance, including both conifer height and stocking, was also measured. This information for was augmented by a reconstruction of the treatment history of each sampled site, using opening files located in the Cranbrook and Invermere Forest Districts.