This work investigates the historical and religious construction of gender within Japanese Buddhism, specifically focusing on the concept of the 'five hindrances' and the 'three obediences' that historically marginalized women. Reiko Ohnuma, a scholar of Buddhist studies, utilizes a combination of doctrinal texts, hagiographies, and historical records to analyze how these religious frameworks were applied to women in medieval Japan. The book argues that these concepts were not merely abstract theological points but active tools used to define the spiritual and social limitations of women within the monastic and lay communities.

Scholars frequently cite this work as a significant contribution to the study of gender and religion in Japan, noting its rigorous engagement with primary source materials. Experts highlight the text for its clarity in navigating complex doctrinal arguments while maintaining a focus on the lived experiences of women within these rigid structures.